Please complete the following PRIOR to our Zoom session on October 13:
There are no readings or quiz.
REVIEW the APA Style & Plagiarism Assignment you submitted on October 2.
COMPLETE the paraphrasing exercise below.
In this session we take a break from child development and focus on academic integrity and preventing plagiarism. This session is tied to the APA Style & Plagiarism assignment, which is a training assignment that all students in the Graduate Program in School Psychology must complete. In this session, students will engage in application discussions that dig deeper into the quality of paraphrased and quoted samples of text. These discussions aim to increase awareness that minimal paraphrasing and misuse of quotes and citations can lead to accusations of plagiarism.
Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words
Source: Purdue University Online Writing Lab
A paraphrase is...
Paraphrasing is a valuable skill because...
5 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing
Some examples to compare
The original passage:
Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 30% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.
An unacceptable paraphrase:
Students often use too many direct quotations in taking notes, resulting in the overuse of quotations in the final paper. Only approximately 30% of your final paper should be direct quotes. Consequently, you should try to limit how many quotes you write when taking notes.
A legitimate paraphrase:
In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).
A shorter version:
Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).
Practice with Paraphrasing
Directions: On a separate piece of paper, write a paraphrase of each of the following passages. Try not to look back at the original passage after you have finished reading.
1. "The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate," [Jacques] Cousteau told the camera. "The cold ocean water around
2. The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the law was a bad joke because everyone knew of a local bar where liquor could be had. They were the years when organized crime ruled the cities, and the police seemed powerless to do anything against it. Classical music was forgotten while jazz spread throughout the land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie became the heroes of the young. The flapper was born in the twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more than anyone or anything else,
3. Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. From "Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers," Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348.
4. Matisse is the best painter ever at putting the viewer at the scene. He's the most realistic of all modern artists, if you admit the feel of the breeze as necessary to a landscape and the smell of oranges as essential to a still life. "The Casbah Gate" depicts the well-known gateway Bab el Aassa, which pierces the southern wall of the city near the sultan's palace. With scrubby coats of ivory, aqua, blue, and rose delicately fenced by the liveliest gray outline in art history, Matisse gets the essence of a Tangier afternoon, including the subtle presence of the bowaab, the sentry who sits and surveys those who pass through the gate. From Peter Plagens, "Bright Lights." Newsweek (26 March 1990): 50.
5. While the
Sample Answers for the Paraphrasing Exercise:
1. According to Jacques Cousteau, the activity of people in
2. During the twenties lawlessness and social nonconformity prevailed. In cities organized crime flourished without police interference, and in spite of nationwide prohibition of liquor sales, anyone who wished to buy a drink knew where to get one. Musicians like Louis Armstrong become favorites, particularly among young people, as many turned away from highly respectable classical music to jazz. One of the best examples of the anti-traditional trend was the proliferation of young "flappers," women who rebelled against custom by cutting off their hair and shortening their skirts (Yancey 25).
3. The use of a helmet is the key to reducing bicycling fatalities, which are due to head injuries 75% of the time. By cushioning the head upon impact, a helmet can reduce accidental injury by as much as 85%, saving the lives of hundreds of victims annually, half of whom are school children ("Bike Helmets" 348).
4. Matisse paintings are remarkable in giving the viewer the distinct sensory impressions of one experiencing the scene first hand. For instance, "The Casbah Gate" takes one to the walled city of
5. How much higher skyscrapers of the future will rise than the present world marvel, the