The Rise of Islamism and Challenges to the Ruling Elites (April 18-20)
Anderson, Chapter 10. “Islamism, Invasion, and Rebellion from the 1990s into the 21st century,” 403-445.
Salwa Ismail, “Confronting the Other: Identity, Culture, Politics, and Conservative Islamism in Egypt,” in IJMES, Vol. 30, No. 2 (May 1998), pp. 199-225.
Hilal Khashan, “The New World Order and the Tempo of Militant Islam,” in the British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 24, no. 1 (May 1997), pp. 5-24.
Oliver Roy “The Crisis of Religious Legitimacy in Iran” in Middle East Journal 53/2 (Spring 1999), 201-216.